Clean Steel Operations

This class provides an overall introduction to clean steel operations and covers the following:

· What is clean steel?

· Clean steel parameters

· Clean steel processes

· Ladle pre-heating + effects on steel quality

· Tapping operations

· Slag control

· Steel de-oxidation

· Desulfurization

· Parameters affecting rate of desulfurization

· Inclusions + their source

· Primary Inclusions

· Secondary inclusions

· Reoxidation + exogenous inclusions

· Inclusion removal

· Oxide shape control

· Hydrogen + nitrogen control

· Phosphorus removal

Slag Control for LMF Operations

This class provides an introduction to slag chemistry and demonstrates the steps necessary to achieve efficient production of clean steel in the LMF.

Topics include:

· What is slag?

· Defining a slag’s characteristics

· Examples defining effect of slag chemistry

· Slag Fluidizers

· Acid vs. Basic slags

· Slag basicity

· Slag chemistry

· Defining the requirements for a ladle slag

· Factors affecting ladle slag formation/chemistry

· Reactions taking place in the ladle at tap

· Reactions taking place in the ladle

· Slag deoxidation requirements

· Factors affecting desulfurization

· Inclusion control at the LRF

· Nitrogen control at the LRF